随着社交媒体的蓬勃发展，我们在日常分享中频繁遭遇长链接的困扰——它们冗长复杂，难以记忆，尤其在移动设备上分享时显得尤为不便。于是，短链接应运而生。作为一种将原始长链接通过特定算法优化为简洁形式的工具，短链接不仅便于复制和传播，还能有效提升用户体验。

在众多技术实现路径中，PHP 以其灵活高效的特点成为构建短链接服务的理想选择之一。通过结合数据库、缓存机制及并发处理工具，我们能够轻松搭建一套稳定可靠的服务体系。

项目概述

技术架构设计

CREATE TABLE short_url (

    id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

    short_code VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '短码',

    url VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL COMMENT '长链接',

    create_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间'

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

功能模块实现

function generateShortCode($url) {

    return substr(md5($url), 0, 6);

}

function getShortUrl($url) {

    global $mysqli_config;



$mysqli = new mysqli(

        $mysqli_config['host'],

        $mysqli_config['username'],

        $mysqli_config['password'],

        $mysqli_config['dbname']

    );



$short_code = generateShortCode($url);



<img src="https://suo.run/uploads/20251015/58.png" alt="" class="img-fluid" />



// 查询数据库是否存在该短码

    $sql = "SELECT * FROM short_url WHERE short_code = ?";

    $stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql);

    $stmt->bind_param("s", $short_code);

    $stmt->execute();

    $result = $stmt->get_result();



if ($result->num_rows > 0) {

        $row = $result->fetch_assoc();

        return $row['url'];

    }



// 插入新记录

    $sql = "INSERT INTO short_url(short_code, url) VALUES (?, ?)";

    $stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql);

    $stmt->bind_param("ss", $short_code, $url);

    $stmt->execute();



return $short_code;

}

function redirectToOriginalUrl($short_code) {

    global $mysqli_config;



$mysqli = new mysqli(

        $mysqli_config['host'],

        $mysqli_config['username'],

        $mysqli_config['password'],

        $mysqli_config['dbname']

    );



$sql = "SELECT url FROM short_url WHERE short_code = ?";

    $stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql);

    $stmt->bind_param("s", $short_code);

    $stmt->execute();

    $result = $stmt->get_result();



<img src="https://suo.run/uploads/20251015/44.png" alt="" class="img-fluid" />



if ($result->num_rows > 0) {

        $row = $result->fetch_assoc();

        header('Location: ' . $row['url']);

        exit;

    }



echo "无效的短链接";

}

总结