what are other species have impacts on mexican salamanders

Several species can have a direct or indirect impact on the Mexican salamander (Ambystoma mexicanum), often altering their survival dynamics in their native habitats. Here are some of these species: 1. **Fish Species**: Non-native fish introduced into the axolotl’s range can prey on both the salamanders and their eggs. Species such as tilapia or mosquitofish can outcompete axolotls for food resources or introduce new parasites and diseases. 2. **Birds**: Various waterfowl, including herons, egrets, and other wading birds, might prey on juvenile and adult axolotls within their natural wetland ecosystems. 3. **Cranes and Bitterns**: These large birds inhabit wetlands and can consume axolotls if they are present. 4. **Large Predatory Mammals and Reptiles**: Otters, raccoons, snakes, and crocodilians may contribute to predation pressures on the axolotls in certain regions. 5. **Other Amphibians**: While axolotls may share habitats with other amphibians like frogs and different salamander species, competitive exclusion can occur, where competition for food and space might lead to a detrimental impact on axolotl populations, particularly in degraded habitats with limited resources. 6. **Crayfish and Other Macro-invertebrates**: Competition with crayfish can affect the availability of suitable food resources for axolotls or modify their aquatic habitats in ways that alter shelter and feeding sites. 7. **Parasites and Pathogens**: Pathogenic microorganisms brought by other species can also impact axolotls. Diseases and parasites can put additional stress on their populations, especially when combined with habitat loss and environmental pollution. 8. **Plant Species**: While not a species that directly impacts axolotls, changes in flora due to invasive plants can indirectly affect axolotls by altering their aquatic environments, potentially reducing available hiding spots and food sources. It's crucial to note that the overall environment where Mexican salamanders live is distinctly complex. Changes and pressures from any of these factors can cumulatively threaten axolotl populations, requiring collaborative conservation efforts considering all ecological interconnections.