in english

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), also known as Grätzel cells, are a type of third-generation solar cell technology. They are photovoltaic devices that convert light energy into electricity by exploiting the properties of light and nanomaterials. The working principle of DSSCs is based on the absorption of photons by photosensitive dyes, which then convert them into electrons. In DSSCs, the photosensitive dye is adsorbed onto the surface of semiconductor nanoparticles and is immersed in an electrolyte solution. When light shines on the dye, it absorbs the photons and generates electron-hole pairs. Electrons are injected into the conduction band of the nanoparticles, while the holes are transferred to the electrolyte, creating a photocurrent at the semiconductor interface. DSSCs have several notable features: 1. Highly tunable: The structure and light absorption characteristics of the dye can be adjusted to adapt to different spectral ranges and intensities. 2. Relatively low manufacturing cost: DSSCs can be manufactured using inexpensive and easily processable materials, resulting in lower production costs. 3. Thin and flexible: DSSCs can be designed in a thin form and can use flexible substrates, allowing for flexible applications on curved or irregular surfaces. 4. Good performance under weak light conditions: Compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells, DSSCs exhibit better performance under low-light intensity conditions. Despite their potential advantages, such as tunability and low manufacturing cost, DSSCs also face challenges, such as dye stability and photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Currently, researchers are continuously improving the performance of DSSCs to enhance their application prospects in the field of solar energy.